Previous attempts to use cardiac muscle power to run pacemakers relied on piezoelectric materials.

之前使用脏肉能量运行起搏器的尝试是依赖于压电材料。

Your cardiac muscle tissue, on the other hand, works involuntarily.

一方面，你的组织是不由自主地工作的。

Tetanus only affects skeletal muscle, so smooth muscle and cardiac muscle continue to function normally.

破伤风仅影响骨，因此，平滑和仍能继续工作。

This forms the bulk of the heart tissue, because those cardiac muscle cells contract and pump blood.

他们构成了大部分脏组织，这是因为细胞能收缩，从而实现泵血。

Hyperkalemia, though, also affects cardiac muscle contractions, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.

高钾血症，也可以影响细胞收缩，进而导致律失常和脏停搏。

Finally, hypokalemia can affect cardiac muscle contractions, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.

最后，低钾血症会影响收缩，导致律失常和搏骤停。

Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes.

通往的血流被阻断在几分钟内缺氧的细胞开始死亡。

The type of muscle that causes these contractions is smooth muscle, as opposed to skeletal muscle or cardiac muscle.

具有这种蠕动功能的肉是平滑，骨则没有该功能。

Low potassium levels leads to issues with muscle contractions, which could be smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscles.

两种途径的低钾水平都会导致肉收缩的问题，可累及平滑、骨。

Unlike the skeletal muscles, the body's cardiac and smooth muscles are managed by the autonomic nervous system beyond our direct control.

与骨不同，身体的和平滑是由自动神经系统控制，而非听从我们的直接控制。

Now this can be a cell that's part of the conduction system or it can just be another cardiac muscle cell.

这个细胞可能属于传导系统的一部分，只是一个细胞。

Your cardiac muscle is also striated, and uses sliding filaments to contract, but the similarities end there.

你的也是条纹状的，通过滑动的细丝来收缩，但是相似之处就到此为止了。

Not surprisingly, the differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues are key to understanding their functions.

毫不奇怪，骨和组织之间的差异是理解它们功能的关键。

After those pacemaker cells make themselves fire, they spread their electrical impulses to cardiac muscle cells throughout the atria.

这些起搏细胞自我激活后，它们将电脉冲传播到整个房的细胞。

Either way, the high potassium levels leads to issues with muscle contractions, which could be issues with the smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscles.

无论哪种方式，高钾血症可以导致肉收缩问题，可能是平滑细胞、骨细胞细胞。

Normally, all my sites are depolarized at this time, and there is no electrical flow in the cardiac muscle.

正常情况下，所有区域同时去极化，没有电流。

The current stops the irregular contractions of the cardiac muscle, and gives the heart a chance to start beating normally.

电流停止了肉的剧烈收缩 脏，并让脏有机会正常跳动。

Cardiac muscle tissue is also striped, or striated, but unlike skeletal muscle tissue, their cells are generally uninucleate, meaning that they have just one nucleus.

脏肉组织也有条纹，但与骨组织不同，它们的细胞通常是无核的，这意味着它们只有一个细胞核。

Hypertrophy refers to an abnormal increase in the size of each cell, for example, the increase in cell size of cardiac muscle.

肥大是指每个细胞大小的异常增加，例如，细胞大小的增加。

You also learned how your skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue facilitates all your movements, both voluntary and involuntary, and how to identify each in a sample.

你们还了解了你的骨、平滑和组织是如何促进你所有的运动的，无论是自愿的还是非自愿的，以及如何在样本中识别每一个。